Zion essays

Zion expositions Theodor Herzl was surely not the main Jew to dream of Zion, however he in any case put the wheels moving (Zionism 1). Zionism is the name given to the political and ideological production of a Jewish national state. The ascent of the Zionist development in the late nineteenth century finished in the making of this state in Palestine in 1948. Herzl was conceived of wealthy working class guardians. He originally concentrated in a logical auxiliary school, however to escape from its enemy of Semitic air he moved in 1875 to a school where the greater part of the understudies were Jews. In 1878 the family moved from Budapest to Vienna, where he entered the University of Vienna to contemplate law. He got his permit to provide legal counsel in 1884 yet decided to dedicate himself to writing. Staying in Vienna, he became o journalist for Neue Freie Presse (New Free Press), the liberal magazine of the bourgeoisie. In 1889 he wedded Julie Naschauer, little girl of a well off Jewish specialist in Vienna. The marriage was miserable, albeit three kids were destined to it. Herzl had a solid connection to his mom, who couldn't coexist with his better half. These challenges were expanded by the political exercises of his later years, in which his better half took little intrigue. These political exercises finished in 1896, when Herzl distributed Der Judenstaat, an instructive leaflet wherein he recommended that the Jewish inquiry was a political inquiry to be settled by a world board of countries. In spite of the fact that the liberal magazine he worked for attempted to forestall the distribution of Der Judenstaat and never to such an extent as referenced it in its sections, Herzl would not be prevented. He accumulated a little cadre and set out to meet the First Zionist Congress that equivalent year. Being the primary political development to bring together the various proto-Zionists, five agents among 200 men and maybe upwards of 10 ladies gathered the First ... <!

The Comparison of Montessori Education and a Regular Mathematics Program in Kindergarten

Each understudy has exceptional aptitudes and adapting needs. As per Gardener’s hypothesis of numerous insights, youngsters can pick up information in different manners since they have various capacities and abilities. Instructors frequently neglect to recognize these abilities to a limited extent in view of the traditional instructing strategies that they use in kindergartens.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Comparison of Montessori Education and a Regular Mathematics Program in Kindergarten explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The objective of this investigation is to assemble proof concerning the positive and negative parts of utilizing Montessori training framework to show science in kindergarten. Briefly, it will contrast the Montessori framework and the traditional training framework so as to recognize the model that best suits learners’ needs. An agreement on the most ideal approach to assist understudies with canning be reached through conversations that articulate the unmistakable needs of each understudy. The conversations can be directed through group gatherings that unite educators of science. There is solid proof on the side of the adequacy of Montessori training, which incorporate the accompanying: First, it encourages fast movement through the learning framework by killing wastage of time that may happen because of stagnation in one glass. Second, it empowers teachers to blend understudies of various age bunches since it centers around the students’ capacity to adapt instead old enough or sexual orientation. Third, Montessori training is offered in an open learning condition, consequently reassuring opportunity in learning. Fourth, it limits the obstruction of instructors in the learning procedure. For the most part, instructors go about as facilitators, along these lines making a domain that suits each child’s needs. At long last, the framework advances regard for the chara cter of the understudy, in this way encouraging accomplishment of the ideal learning results. As a Montessori educator, I mean to lead this activity examine so as to discover better instructing strategies. Several present day showing techniques, for example, writing based perusing and self-coordinated learning have been created and utilized in study halls so as to address the issues of talented understudies. Research shows that understudies function admirably inside a solid and steady learning condition, which empowers understudies to learn by investigating and taking part in various learning encounters. Montessori training satisfies this necessity. Subsequently, this exploration tries to break down the degree to which a bona fide Montessori arithmetic condition is good with the customary science classes so as to satisfy the necessities all things considered. I will investigate the aftereffects of developmental appraisals and assessments, for example, students’ schoolwork s o as to respond to the examination question. This is on the grounds that this wellspring of information can reveal insight into the exhibition of understudies. In addition, center gathering conversations will be utilized to gather information concerning students’ learning encounters and feelings. I will likewise get new thoughts from the instructors who will be taking part in these conversations. Other information sources will incorporate utilizing rubrics to gauge students’ execution and watching understudies during class time. The information got through these sources will be utilized to contrast the adequacy of Montessori training and the conventional science programs.Advertising Looking for exposition on instruction? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, I will utilize recording to screen my presentation in different exercises so as to recognize my qualities and shortcomings in educating. Also, my note s and exercise plans will be peer-checked on by different instructors so as to recognize their shortcomings or any missteps made in them. These techniques will empower me to get new data concerning encouraging arithmetic in a Montessori class. Thus, I will have the option to improve my educating aptitudes. This exposition on The Comparison of Montessori Education and a Regular Mathematics Program in Kindergarten was composed and presented by client Carissa E. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Advice From The Elderly

Advice From The Elderly To the class of 2016 My name is Jess, and I graduated in 2010. That makes me twenty-three whole years old. I am impossibly old. I am improbably old. According to science (and by science I am obviously referring to Science Magazine, who published a study on my expected lifespan in their spring 2010 edition) I should have died by now, considering the way I continue to regularly eat peanut butter straight from the jar, or food that has fallen on the floor. I am probably the age of some of your older brothers or sisters, with whom I am competing for a space in an attentive yet flexible elderly care facility. When I was 18, I dont think I even knew anyone who was in their 20s, but now you do, and I am here to represent my decade of twenty-somethings (my least favorite phrase after meat lover, panty-dropping, and were all out of tacos) by giving you some elderly-person advice. (Although I am not as old as a postdoc in my lab who shall remain unnamed to protect the aging, who told me, I was asking our undergrad [Janet] if she had seen Silence of the Lambs, which came out in 1991. And Janet goes, I was born in 1991! And I was just like, please keep that information to yourself, JANET.') (I know. I know when you were all born, and its after 1991. Please follow unnamed-elderly-postdocs advice above and keep this information to yourself.) Now that weve gotten that out of the way, Im writing this entry for a few reasons. One, because the last entry I wrote as a blogger my senior year ended on something like a stay tuned for my next blog entry, after graduation! which I never wrote, and I imagine my tens of tens of readers were waiting with bated breath for an entry that never came. And by tens of tens of readers, I obviously mean just my mom, and today is my moms birthday, so happy birthday, Mom. Ive given you the gift of breathing! (Kind of like you did, twenty three years ago!) Two, because I hung out with a freshman recently who was all like, Whats 50 Things? And I think my pacemaker almost stopped just right there on the spot. (You should go read 50 Things right now, if you havent already. It is required reading for entering MIT. Dont worry, Ill wait.) And three, because Im about to be class of 2016 myself. After working for two years in Boston, Im moving back to California to start medical school, where I will be wearing flip flops every single day, even in the OR. (See, this story does have a happy ending!)(It ends with me losing all my toes.) I wanted to pass on some advice I would give to myself as an 18-year-old, other than stop eating food that has fallen on the floor; youre not as sneaky as you think youre being, and people can see you. I dont have 50 pieces of advice; Ben pretty much covered most of those bases already. But there are a few big things that Ive tried to live by or maybe wish I had realized when I was your age, and I hope you find them helpful. So here goes nothing Try to actively put yourself out of your comfort zone as often as possible. When you put yourself in a situation thats uncomfortable, you learn things about yourself that you wouldnt normally discover sitting at home in your sweatpants eating Twizzlers and watching seven episodes of Game of Thrones in one sitting. (I would never do that! I hate Twizzlers!) Like for example, youre surprisingly resourceful! And you can meet people you wouldnt normally come in contact with! People who might be casting agents for the next season of Game of Thrones and just happen to be looking for a Korean-American character who wasnt written into the books! You know, things like that. Change is a good thing. As a freshman, I had a group of friends who I did everything with. We took the same classes, ate lunch together, went on road trips to Cape Cod together. We celebrated Passover and Christmas and pranked each other and held sleepovers and in short, they were my first family at college. We had an incredible first year together, and I thought it could only get better from there. And then three of my very best friends in the world decided to leave MIT. (The retention rate at MIT is something like 97%, in case you were wondering.) I was really, completely devastated. After relying on my friends for pretty much everything, I had no idea how to rebuild, but eventually I figured out I had to move. It took me a while, but I got up the courage to move to a floor where I knew almost no one. And it turned out that moving was the best thing I could have done. Because heres what happened all when I moved to Burton 1, and met my second family at MIT: I met the girl who answered her apartment door for me at one thirty on a Tuesday night, when I needed a friend the most. She introduced me to the boy who, on my last night in Boston, stayed up until 3 AM with me, who borrowed a car and drove me to the airport two hours later.  I learned how to start a dance party anywhere, any time. I fell in love and drove to the Grand Canyon. I made connections on my new floor that took me to Haiti, Monaco,  Japan, and Senegal, all completely paid for (and even sometimes with a stipend!) by MIT. (Please, please do this. If you need help finding out how to go places through MIT, email me. Heres your first hint: you know all those weird pamphlets they sent you about things like MISTI that you probably either threw away or used as a napkin? Please read them. Its like a cheat code for free travel, if your life was a video game. MIT honestly paid my friend to go s pend a month in Mongolia learning how to kill goats without spilling any blood. You know, the important stuff. There is nothing that broadens your perspective like living in another country for an extended period of time. In my opinion it should be a requirement to graduate, but, you know, it is much easier to sit at home and eat Twizzlers, Game of Thrones, etc.) But back to the point when I look back on how much of my life has been shaped by the people I met, just because I moved that one time, its absurd that so much of my life hinged on that one moment. Because I moved, I met the people who I know will someday be in my wedding and at my medical school graduation and helping me raise my children. If I hadnt been brave enough to make that change, I dont even know if I would be headed off to med school today. On a somewhat related note to that message move. And I dont just mean dorms when I was applying to college, the single most important thing was for me to go to school as far away from California as I could. Now Im a little older, and applying to med school the single most important thing was for me to go back to California. I absolutely love Boston, and Im so heartbroken to leave it, but there are times in your life when you realize youre stagnating. You still have a lot of growing to do. Move. Let chapters end. A study of a seventy-year-olds by the NY Times found that those who viewed themselves as happiest often viewed their lives as separated into chapters. The thing about every chapter, though, is that they all have to come to an end eventually. I have the worst time letting go of things, but you cant force people to stay the same just because you want them to. It doesnt mean you were any less important to each other when you were in each others lives. Which reminds me the boy (or girl) who breaks your heart really badly and seems impossibly cool was just like you, lost and confused and a total nerd, this time last year. Forgive him anyway. He will never know the strength youve gained from having met him, and youll be more careful with other peoples feelings because of it. Ask for help. Its okay to ask people for favors! Ask people for help all the time! Ask the lady next to you to help you zip up your sweater on the T and shell probably do it, even if she thinks youre a weirdo with big thumbs! I grew up with two of the most supportive parents a girl can ask for, and I happened to go into a field that my parents are very well acquainted with. Inevitably, this means that my parents have tried to get involved in every facet of my career trying to get me interviews with different labs, finding me shadowing opportunities with their friends, etc. And for a long time, I was really embarrassed by this. I rejected a lot of their efforts because I was scared, and I thought that I could only rely on myself. Heres a big hint: the world doesnt work that way. We rely on other people to get us where we need to go, and I quickly learned at MIT, a few thousand miles away from my parents and any help they could try to impose on me, I still needed the help of those who had previously done what I hoped to do in order to get me to where I needed to be. Embracing that took a long time, and in turn I try my best to give advice and support to those who are now where I was not so long ago. It takes one person to extend the hand, but it doesnt make you weak to take it. Take the help; its what you do with the opportunity that really matters. There are a very short list of things in this life that cant be improved with a sense of humor. Itll make for a great party story later on. And if all else fails, be brave! Ive been trying to write this entry for over a month now, and Im finally finishing it on the plane ride home from Boston. Youll find that at this point in your life your friends become your family, and Im leaving mine just as many of you are leaving yours. Im terrified to start over, but I was just as terrified six years ago when I moved away from my real family in California to come to MIT. Sometimes the thing that you hold on to the most, the thing thats the most comfortable for you, is also the thing thats holding you back from the life you really want. Be brave. Grab the risk with both hands and dont look back. At the end of the day, youll be better for it. Be the kind of person who talks to cab drivers. Waste less time thinking about what other people think of you. Learn how to write a thank you note, and write them often. Sing karaoke. Stop worrying about what your hair looks like; nobody cares nearly as much about it as you do. Approach these next four years with an open heart and an open mind.  Dont feel entitled to anything you didnt sweat and struggle for. But in my experience, and in Conan OBriens experience, if you work hard and youre kind, amazing things will happen. I cant wait to hear about all the amazing things youre going to do with your lives. -Jess

Article Review Americas Deadly Gun Addiction - 868 Words

In the article, Americas Deadly Gun Addiction, By the Numbers written by Joanna Pearlstein, data is released regarding the United States having more guns that adults in the country. The mass shootings across the country has led to many civilians wanting more gun control. President Obama spoke to the nation that more background checks will be ran to hopefully reduce this situation, and lower the gun deaths in the United States, however gun lobbyers argue that it is not the guns themselves that are causing the issue and they believe that no matter how many background checks are ran you cannot make sure that a fun will not be placed in the hands of someone who many end someone’s life unexpectedly. In the first example this article receives information from Small Arms Survey: All Illustrations by 520 design, shows a graph is used to show how the United States is number one in the world with gun owning civilians. It appears from the graph that is used that civilians out number law enforcement and the armed forces. Their second example from information received form Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, shows that even though firearms in the United States have tripled in the past 15 years. In 2013 gun companies manufactured almost 11 million guns, some of which were imported and exported. It is said that even with this amount of gun supply though it has not resulted in a great spike in gun deaths. In their thirdShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesindifference to the arts? Not really, because it is found in people who have no aesthetic feelings whatever. What it does link up with, however, is another English characteristic which is so much a part of us that we barely notice it, and that is the addiction to hobbies and spare-time occupations, the privateness of English life. We are a nation of flower-lovers, but also a nation of stamp-collectors, pigeon-fanciers, amateur carpenters, coupon-snippers, darts-players, crossword-puzzle fans. All the cultureRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages....................................................................................................... 5 Examples of Good Reasoning............................................................................................................. 14 Review of Major Points ....................................................................................................................... 17 Glossary .................................................................................................Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesBabylon and Dread Revitalization 4. The Ethos of Rastafari: Structure, Ideology, and Ritual 5. â€Å"Coming in from the Cold†: Rastafari and the Wider Society 6. Rastafari Rules: Bearers of Jamaican Popular Culture 7. Summary and Conclusions Appendix: A Review of the Literature on Rastafari Notes Selected Bibliography Index 3 7 29 41 67 79 97 117 127 141 171 185 This page intentionally left blank Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Introduction Since its emergenceRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagescom/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment

The Leadership Structure Of New Zealand Health Care System...

The leadership structure of New Zealand health care system has a slight modification. Later 2008, the twenty-one District Health Boards (DOB) that act as a consumer and supporter maintained in the population liable for health to ensure services are arranged effectively and efficiently for all New Zealand. District Health Board consist of seven elected members and four delegated by the Minister of Health (MOH). It requires to select board members, but the condition is to have two representatives from the Maori Party, the Manu Motuhake Party, which organized rigidly the well-being of the public and aiming for the transparency of expenses incurred in local health services and the administration be back to local communities. A complex system of governing bodies that work together with the Minister of Heath (with Cabinet and the government) provided by the National Health Board. Health Workforce New Zealand and other ministerial advisory committee. The roots of nursing history began in pre-European times, Maori are the healthy and energetic people. Very active and no idea about infectious diseases, even they are affected by it. Believing in spiritual and religious practices and using some medicinal plants is Maori rituals to fight for the viruses. During 1769-1901 is a health distressing year for New Zealand Maori. The arrival of James Cook in New Zealand brought the Maori people to a greater exposure to virulent diseases and no immunization to fight the viruses that cause theShow MoreRelatedLeadership Structure Of New Zealand Health Care System Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership structure of New Zealand health care system has a slight modification. Later 2008, the twenty-one District Health Boards (DOB) that act as a consumer and supporter maintained for the population liable for health to ensure services are arrange effectively and efficiently for all New Zealand. District Health Board consist of seven elected members and four delegated by the Minister of Health (MOH). It requires to select board members, but the condition is to have two representative from MaoriRead MoreThe New Zealand Healthcare System1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe field of health care remains among the most significant study areas around the globe. Health care society ensures that every individual within the society is provided with the most efficient and effective health care, this will increase their ability to participate in the national building. New Zealand is among the nations that have put great efforts in providing high-quality health care to its citizens. The New Zealand healthcare system has gone through a number of significant changes for theRead MoreHistorical Development Of Healthcare Leadership Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesHISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE LEADERSHIP IN NEW ZEALAND â€Å"A leader is best when people hardly know he exists, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will say: We did it ourselves.† (Inkson and Kolb,) Throughout history, leadership has attracted the attention of many writers and induce much intellectual interest and debate. There is an extensive literature on generic leadership, but the leadership on Maori Leadership is scanty. Leadership has been reported as the presentation by a personRead MoreHealthcare Services And The New Zealand Health System Essay1836 Words   |  8 PagesDiscussion 2 Health System Hierarchy 2 Funding and Distribution Structure 3 Management Theories 5 Integrated Care 6 Conclusions 7 Executive Summary This report contains a description of the chosen organization which is the Geneva Healthcare and its importance in delivering health care services to the people. In addition, it provides an analysis of how this organization fits in New Zealand Health System nationally and regionally. The purpose of this report is to be familiar with to the New ZealandRead MoreThe Role Of District Health Boards In New Zealand1396 Words   |  6 PagesHealthcare in New Zealand is delivered by various network of organizations and people themselves. Each network within a community has a specific role to play to achieve better healthcare for all New Zealanders. Healthcare in New Zealand has recently transformed from market based structures to community focused District Health Boards(DHBs). District Health Boards (DHBs) in New Zealand are organisations established by the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000, responsible for ensuringRead MoreThe Organization Of Shine And Its History And Abou t Public Health Association Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesand its history and about Public Health Association in New Zealand and also how they work as an organization here in New Zealand. It is important because they both working in different ways like for Shine they help thousands of adult and child victims of abuse, family violence and any kind of domestic abuse and they also have training for professional to effectively intervene and give support to those victims of abuse while on the other hand is the Public Health Association which is a voluntary associationRead MoreMarketing Plan For A New Zealand Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesunmistakable section for alcoholic things. It is the most understood general store in New Zealand as it is having the most essential number of stores and beginning gives the best organizations in whole over New Zealand. The principle initiation was open in 1981 in Christchurch by Rattrays Wholesale Assembling, starting now and into the foreseeable future various stores were opened, till now it is having 175 stores in New Zealand. The total stores are directed by 10 domain manager having 5 in the north andRead MoreMarketing Plan For New Zealand Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesunmistakable section for alcoholic things. It is the most understood general store in New Zealand as it is having the most essential number of stores and beginning gives the best organizations in whole over New Zealand. The principle initiation was open in 1981 in Christchurch by Rattrays Wholesale Assembling, starting now and into the foreseeable future various stores were opened, till now it is having 175 stores in New Zealand. The total stores are directed by 10 domain manager having 5 in the north andRead MoreLeading A Team Into Change1629 Words   |  7 Pagesinto their homes. Our company have just secured a new contract from the Ministry of Health and needs to widen the scope of its services. As of the moment, we have 12 staff and the management advised me that we can employ 8 more staff. Therefore, I need to decide the health care services and the qualities of the new employees that we will hire. This paper will tackle about leading a team into change. Rehabilitation as defined by World Health Organization (2014) is a process aimed at enablingRead MoreThe Strengths And Weakness Of Clinical Governance Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pagescontemporary health service delivery of New Zealand is discussed with its brief history. Writer has also differentiated the between governance and management which is very important to add in this paper. All these topics are supported by latest academic literature and are written in a scholarly manner. 2.0 Governance In health sector, Governance refers to a broad area of rule-making and decision making functions to attain the objectives of national health policies which covers the health universally

Mass Hysteria on Salem Witch Trial Free Essays

What is mass hysteria? Mass hysteria is when most everybody develops a common fear that often spirals into a panic. The tragic story of the Salem Witch Trial contains mass hysteria back in 1692. In my two articles â€Å"Salem Witch Craft Trial† and â€Å"Mass Hysteria in Upstate New York† have similar problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Hysteria on Salem Witch Trial or any similar topic only for you Order Now In both articles I will be explaining how mass hysteria played a key role in both of these issues. In the article â€Å"Salem Witch Craft Trial† it tells the history of the mass hysteria behind the whole Salem witch craft trials. The mass hysteria occurred from 1692-1693 and lead to many people dying. There were one hundred and forty arrests, nineteen hangings, one rock crushing and several people dying in jail while awaiting their trial. Everything that Salem had was to get rid of their witches in the city. In January 1962 two girls named Elizabeth and Abigail had fell out in church and start writhing on the floor. The doctor was convinced that it was witchcraft. The pastor was asked â€Å"Who did this† and the two daughters said â€Å"Tituba the slave, Sarah Good a homeless woman and Sarah Osborn. † Tituba confess that she was a witch and was order to hurt girls. Tituba also told that were more witches in the town of Salem. The two girls start pointing people that could be witches who would spend months chained in jail. Over a hundred of Salem’s prominent people would be incarcerated and suppose witches would visit the girls and torture them. Overall, nineteen people were hanged, one pressed to death and four others died in prison awaiting trial. What I learn from the articles that the people was scared of witchcraft. After Rev. Parris daughters were hurt, they start to kill people that were supposed to be a witch. Over hundred people were being killed during this time because of witchcraft. The mass hysteria in this article was the fear of having witches in Salem. With that being the mass hysteria a lot of people died. How to cite Mass Hysteria on Salem Witch Trial, Essay examples

Mobile Application for the Services of Embassy

Question: Describe about the reason for this literature review was to explore the design and implementationprocess of an Android application which utilizes web services to exchange the manual services of the Embassy of .. in .. to become online services which will be useable and can be accessed by any android mobileuser. Answer: Introduction The reason for this literature review was to explore the design and implementationprocess of an Android application which utilizes web services to exchange the manual services of the Embassy of .. in .. to become online services which will be useable and can be accessed by any android mobileuser. The idea of the application was to join an Android client to the online services of Embassy of .. Likewise, the goal of this literature review was to build up a model. The hypothetical piece of the literature review examined the Android platform, its history, and the compatible web services. The observational piece of the literaturereview portrays the entire methodology of developing an Android application which utilizes a web service. The tools that were utilized amid the improvement stage were Android studio, and the Android SDK (Kołek, 2013). The result of this project was a working Android application which can transfer the manual services of the Embassy of ... in .. to wind u p online services. The application can input and output information from the embassy's server and present data to the client. The literature review infers that the study within reach can be stretched out with further advancement of the application by enhancing the configuration and including more functionality. In addition, it is conceivable to enhance the user experience by developing a site for the application. The exploration includes discovering the simplest approach to make the application and making it more cost productive, research comparative frameworks that have been executed on a versatile application and how they utilize it, deciding how to work with Application Programs Interfaces, software dialect and other softwaretools that might be valuable to the project in the future, and in addition devicesoftware and hardware synchronization (Abdul Latiff et al., 2013). Programs and Languages The development of the android app required to be built for and supported by multiple brands of mobile devices. The main software language used was JAVA, which was used for both the frontend and backend design. The frontend includes the User Interface (UI) and backend includes all the necessary functions (data structures and algorithms plus additional functionalities). After the development of the application was completed an android supporting device emulators were used to test the application on various android devices (mobiles and tablets from different companies). The application was also tested on various versions of android devices (namely android kitkat, android lollipop etc.). The software that was used to develop the application was Googles official platform for android app development, i.e. Android Studio. A java development kit JDK was integrated with android studio to create Android software development kit (SDK). Finally, the Microsoft office package was used for the doc umentation of test results and this literature review. Android applications are modified in Java utilizing the Android SDK, with substantial reliance on existing Android systems (Teng, Pham and Jeske, 2006). All through the literature contemplated, including the Android Developers Guide, it is proposed that developers with java experience will feel most at home starting Android application programming. It gets to be clear when investigating Android advancement that a grip of more than simply the Java programming dialect is obliged to create a fruitful Android application. As a prologue to Android, and so as to comprehend its potential, this specialized perusing audit will now examine a percentage of the centre Android ideas which vary from those which are normal by Java software engineers. Most protest orientated software engineers will be acquainted with the model-view-controller (MVC) structural planning example which emphatically characterizes relationship between the three secti ons of an application. At the point when considering an Android application, ordinarily one would expect the model to be a gathering of Java classes which store the obliged information and state data, the perspective to be spoken to by the cell phones screen, and the controller to get the info (touch occasions) and make calls to the model articles (Pering, 2002). For Android, this structural engineering is executed to a degree, yet when contrasted with the regular MVC structure there are a few distinctions to watch out for as pointed out by Android devotees. The perspective is produced as a situated of design assets (coded in XML), which makes utilization of fabricate in classes, for example, android.view.View.Button from the Android SDK. The format record points of interest like how HTML functions, the situating and estimating of the components the perspective contains. In any case, the defeat to this is that XML is static, a perspective ought to be rapid, ready to move and change. The expression "View-Controller" has been utilized a great deal recommending that the Activity ought to be a class which controls both the perspective and controller. As Dr Bagley (2012) focuses out, "Most "standard" applications will likely take after the MCV example to some degree; then again, as applications separate from the standard, they will presumably soften it up somehow". An action in Android contains a UI string which is in charge of overhauling the UI, additionally holds the obligation regarding the controller, as it is the place the onCreate(), onPause() and onDestroy() routines are found. It is these strategies which are in charge of the beginning of the application and for the calls to routines which handle gadget occasions. This is the place the clarity of the MVC methodology gets to be smeared. Notwithstanding, a solitary class which manages the obligation of the perspective and the controller breaks the standard structural engineering. The model is clearer, differentiated classes may be utilized for the model, which might likewise make utilization of Android's inherent SQL Lite database and imparted Preferences so as to store information. Software Interactions At the point when examining PCs or innovative gadgets, it can simply be separated into two classes: hardware and software. A great many people imagine that they recently hit keys and the PC mystically lives up to expectations. There is a ton of hypothesis behind it. The collaboration in the middle of hardware and software makes the greater part of this happen. Hardware itself has many sorts and subdivisions. Software can be separated into OS (operating systems), fundamental input/output system (BIOS) and application software. Most gadgets are manufactured as a progression of levels, beginning from the hardware building up the distance to the operation framework or software (Electronic Visa Application System, 2015). As technology continues developing there is dependably the common inquiries that clients ask themselves all the time. How does software and hardware cooperate? How would they interact? To answer this inquiry there are a ton of things that need to be investigated. The vast majority have an exceptionally poor comprehension of how these two technologies connect to make the system work. Once in a while the vast majority of the individuals don't comprehend that hardware and software are advancements that work in intersection however are not the same; they have limits working inside one another (Martin and Brice, 1984). Hardware is partitioned in two classes: Storage and connection; and Software alludes to data, signal operation. Hardware storage alludes to the amount of limit a gadget can have to store data; the greater the storage limit the bigger the measure of data that can be stored in it. Connection alludes to the way that the data is brought through the gadget. It can be anything from a wire, a signal, or any gadget with the capacity to convey information. At the point when alluding to software, it will fall into the data classification (Menge, 2005). This clarifies what the product does, it directs what the hardware should store, and it coordinates documents through the Connection gadget utilizing a sign to verify the record or system becomes acquainted with ideal spot. Operation alludes to anything that needs to do with the operation of the hardware through the product, and also transference of signs from computerized or simple gadgets relying upon the particular requirements. Many know that hardware and software are different, but are not exactly sure how or why. Hardware refers to a device that is physically there, that can be seen, touched, and manipulated with hands (Misner, 2009). Software on the other hand, is something that can manipulated through a computer to work with the hardware, is not something that it can be consider physical. It helps direct the hardware reach the task assigned. Both of these must be used in conjunction with the other. The main feature of this app is online payment aka payment through app. To use this feature the Android Mobile Payments Library SDK was downloaded and added to android studio. The Mobile Payments Library binds specific devices to specific application IDs, for enhanced security. For each of application IDs, you must use a different sandbox account for each of your devices. If you try to login with a different account on a device after binding, you will get the following error: This app is attached to another PayPal account (PayPal, Inc, 2011). To remove it, the account holder must visit PayPal.com and select Mobile Applications from the profile. The Library utilizes the local Android Activity instrument to begin the checkout stream, and to convey consummation back to the client. This application was integrated with the embassy server. The database and tables to be connected was created using php myadmin. For the server side coding, a php class was made to join with the database. The principle reason for this class is to open an association with database and close the association at whatever point its not required. The php class created was capable of performing CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) operations. It works in the following manner: First the android application calls a PHP script so as to perform an information operation. The PHP script then interfaces with the database to perform the operation (Tamada, 2012). So the information streams from the Android application to PHP script then at last is put away in the database. Keywords Embassy services, online embassy services, foreign affair online services, android application client server, integrating android app with client server, online payment method, payment through app. Scope of the Application Its a client-server which will be located at embassy and a mobile application which in user hand. This application should allow users to upload documents and make the payment. The application can be used from anywhere as long theres internet connection and android platform. This application will be used by two categories of people Student and ordinary people who would like to apply for . visa. In some critical cases or special request this application might be not help, so users have to walk to the embassy to follow up with their request. Comparison with Similar Systems Before the development of the app was started, rigorous research was done on various similar systems (mostly websites and some mobile applications). But, most of these systems lacked precision and were too complex and most of all many of them werent mobile application oriented. Brainstorming was done to better these systems and develop an application that was more users friendly and a design that was catchy and not a typical Embassy App. Following systems offer similar services to those which the application developed offers: eVisa (Republic of Turkey): It is an Electronic Visa Application service provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Turkey. This is a simple three step system: first step is to apply for the visa (fill the required information in the web form, upload required documents etc.); second step is to make payment online by a MasterCard or a Visa credit/debit card, which uses secure transaction payment gateway. After the payment is made the receipt can be downloaded (Gov.uk, 2015). Electronic Travel Authorization System (Sri Lanka): It is an online application for travel authorization for both tourism and transit purposes (Electronic Visa Application System, 2015). It also includes filling up an application by providing required information, then the information is reviewed. After this step, the payment is done via secure payment gateway. After all this process the ETA confirmation slip can be downloaded. Online Passport Application (UK): This system is currently in its beta form, i.e. it is in its initial phase (just launched). This phase will allow the developers to learn about its bugs errors and also the performance (Gov.uk, 2015). This is also a three-step process: first is Create Check (the application and its details); second is Pay Print (pay the required amount and print the declaration form) and the final step is Sign Send (Sign and send the declaration form) . Comparison Table Attributes Embassy App eVisa (Republic of Turkey) ETA (Sri Lanka) Online Passport Application (UK) Android Application available YES YES YES YES User friendly interface that allows users to fill form and upload documents YES YES YES YES Allowsuser to upload their documents or any letter to the client server of the embassy and make the payment for that service YES YES YES YES Docs can be retrieved earlier than before YES NO NO NO Service available 24x7 YES YES YES YES Secure Payment Gateway YES YES YES YES Captcha Security NO YES NO NO Third party application available NO NO YES NO In beta mode YES NO NO YES Application can be saved and payment can be made later YES YES YES YES Special applications available YES NO NO NO Conclusion Needless to say, the design and implementation of the project has a considerable number of hurdles and components to it. Very essential design choices were needed to be made regarding what will be needed to implement in the project from a cost-benefit perspective. It has been investigated broadly what other comparable plans have as of now been actualized in other administrative and corporate associations. Luckily, there were a couple of finished items out there to dissect. They offer a fantastic parkway to consider adjustments/new peculiarities to further support the end-client (Kumar and Kumar, 2012). One essential viewpoint is the programming portion of the undertaking that really permitted having programming that can be run on the focused on device(s). To this end, we had investigated how to best unite the equipment and the product stages, furthermore researched the most effortless approach to "port" the coding onto the different stages without needing to code for every stage star ting with no outside help. References Abdul Latiff, N., Mohamad, M., Syed Yusof, S., Abd. 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