Psychological problems Essay

Early adulthood characterizes a salient developmental phase in the life cycle. There are times, though, when psychological problems begin to appear at this time. Among these key psychological problems include: finding a secure personal identity, making mature intimate relationships, forming up of ideological values looking to the future, identifying a longstanding vocation and realizing one’s bearing. This being a formative period in life, the issue of identity plays a crucial role in sexuality, gender and intimacy. Young adults deal with these elements in more peculiar way. This is because they have energy, hope and idealism that affect the whole society. In the long run, the society plays a major role in affecting the development of young adults. The emotional ups-and-downs tend to drop in early adulthood and become more private and subtler. The young adults are also faced with the desire to have children. This may be because they feel lonely just after college and the fact that they are independent miss closeness to high school and college friends. Some young adults find it difficult to establish mature and intimate relationships. This may be centrally attributed to the way the society defines physical appearance. In this case, for example, an obese young adult may suffer emotionally just because the society relates pleasant appearance to slenderness (especially in women). There exists a presumption that the obese are lazy or glutton. This instills feelings of rejection, depression and shame in the young adult and therefore hampering the making of relationships. The young adults also have a problem with getting to understand their bearing. This is the time you will find them, out of desperation, engaging in alcoholism. According to Boyd, D. & Bee, H. (2006) there exists a correlation between young adult personality and alcohol behavior problems. This however differs for men and women. It is higher in males than females. This is due to shared environmental effects among males. Here some individuals may feel that they are not good enough in the environment they are in because they can’t find job that measure up to their intellectual level. There is also this perception that everyone is doing better than you are in the environment. It is argued that in early adulthood one is likely to suffer from some health problems associated with their psychology (Santrock 2008). In formation on the determinants of health in early adulthood show various transitions necessary to health and later life. Psychological distress causes poor health in early adulthood. The psychological problems may be brought about by the individuals feeling insecure regarding the (1) near future, (2) the long-term plans, life goals, and (3) present accomplishments. When finding a long-lasting vocation become elusive, some individuals feel insecure. For educated individuals who have come to terms with the real life especially in terms of responsibilities experience career stagnation and become extremely insecure. Here they taste the tough, competitive and unforgiving world as they ever imagined. Even with the qualifications they have spent much money and time on are not able to prepare them for this disenchantment. Birren and Schaie (1985) in their book psychology of aging postulates that many individuals after college graduation do not live up to a good standard of living. Many end up in low class houses with roommates instead of having better income to suffice their needs. These substandard living conditions and repetitive work create a lot of anxiety, anger and frustration. They deny feeling like losers and this secrecy intensifies the problem more. Reference: 1. Birren, J. E. , and Schaie, K. W. (Eds. ). (1985). Handbook of the psychology of aging. 2nd Ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 2. Boyd, D. & Bee, H. (2006). Lifespan Development (4th Ed. ). New York: NY. Allyn and Bacon. 3. Santrock, J. W. (2008) Life-span development (11th Ed). New York: McGraw-Hill. Payne, V. G. , & Isaacs, L. D. (2008). Human motor development: A lifespan approach (6th Ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill.

The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Two

The police had found Stefan's abandoned car by Old Creek Road. That meant he'd left it somewhere between Drowning Creek and the woods. Elena stumbled on the overgrown path through the graveyard, but she kept moving, head down, arms hugging her light sweater to her. She had known this graveyard all her life, and she could find her way through it blind. By the time she crossed the bridge, her shivering had become painful. It wasn't snowing as hard now, but the wind was even worse. It cut through her clothes as if they were made of tissue paper, and took her breath away. Stefan, she thought, and turned onto Old Creek Road, trudging northward. She didn't believe what Damon had said. If Stefan were dead she wouldknow. He was alive, somewhere, and she had to find him. He could be anywhere out in this swirling whiteness; he could be hurt, freezing. Dimly, Elena sensed that she was no longer rational. All her thoughts had narrowed down to one single idea. Stefan. Find Stefan. It was getting harder to keep to the road. On her right were oak trees, on her left, the swift waters of Drowning Creek. She staggered and slowed. The wind didn't seem quite so bad any more, but she did feel very tired. She needed to sit down and rest, just for a minute. As she sank down beside the road, she suddenly realized how silly she had been to go out searching for Stefan. Stefan would come to her. All she needed to do was sit here and wait. He was probably coming right now. Elena shut her eyes and leaned her head against her drawn-up knees. She felt much warmer now. Her mind drifted and she saw Stefan, saw him smile at her. His arms around her were strong and secure, and she relaxed against him, glad to let go of fear and tension. She was home. She-was where she belonged. Stefan would never let anything hurt her. But then, instead of holding her, Stefan was shaking her. He was ruining the beautiful tranquility of her rest. She saw his face, pale and urgent, his green eyes dark with pain. She tried to tell him to be still, but he wouldn't listen.Elena, get up , he said, and she felt the compelling force of those green eyes willing her to do it.Elena, get up now – â€Å"Elena, get up!† The voice was high and thin and frightened. â€Å"Come on, Elena! Get up! We can't carry you!† Blinking, Elena brought a face into focus. It was small and heart-shaped, with fair, almost translucent skin, framed by masses of soft red curls. Wide brown eyes, with snowflakes caught in the lashes, stared worriedly into hers. â€Å"Bonnie,† she said slowly. â€Å"What are you doing here?† â€Å"Helping me look for you,† said a second, lower voice on Elena's other side. She turned slightly to see elegantly arched eyebrows and an olive complexion. Meredith's dark eyes, usually so ironic, were worried now, too. â€Å"Stand up, Elena, unless you want to become an ice princess for real.† It should have been warmer inside the car, but Elena's nerve endings were coming back to life, making her shake, telling her how cold she really was. Winter is an unforgiving season, she thought as Meredith drove. â€Å"What's going on, Elena?† said Bonnie from the back seat. â€Å"What did you think you were doing, running away from school like that? And how could you come out here?† Elena hesitated, then shook her head. She wanted nothing more than to tell Bonnie and Meredith everything. To tell them the whole terrifying story about Stefan and Damon and what had really happened last night to Mr. Tanner – and about after. But she couldn't. Even if they would believe her, it wasn't her secret to tell. â€Å"Everyone's out looking for you,† Meredith said. â€Å"The whole school's upset, and your aunt was nearly frantic.† â€Å"Sorry,† said Elena dully, trying to stop her violent shivering. They turned onto Maple Street and pulled up to her house. Aunt Judith was waiting inside with heated blankets. â€Å"I knew if they found you, you'd be half-frozen,† she said in a determinedly cheerful voice as she reached for Elena. â€Å"Snow on the day after Halloween! I can hardly believe it. Where did you girls find her?† â€Å"On Old Creek Road, past the bridge,† said Meredith. Aunt Judith's thin face lost color. â€Å"Near the graveyard? Where the attacks were? Elena, howcould you?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her voice trailed off as she looked at Elena. â€Å"We won't say anything more about it right now,† she said, trying to regain her cheerful manner. â€Å"Let's get you out of those wet clothes.† â€Å"I have to go back once I'm dry,† said Elena. Her brain was working again, and one thing was clear: she hadn't really seen Stefan out there; it had been a dream. Stefan was still missing. â€Å"You have to do nothing of the kind,† said Robert, Aunt Judith's fianc ¦. Elena had scarcely noticed him standing off to one side until then. But his tone brooked no argument. â€Å"The police are looking for Stefan; you leave them to their job,† he said. â€Å"The police think he killed Mr. Tanner. But he didn't. You know that, don't you?† As Aunt Judith pulled her sodden outer sweater off, Elena looked from one face to another for help, but they were all the same. â€Å"Youknow he didn't do it,† she repeated, almost desperately. There was a silence. â€Å"Elena,† Meredith said at last, â€Å"no one wants to think he did. But – well, it looks bad, his running away like this.† â€Å"He didn't run away. He didn't! Hedidn't – â€Å" â€Å"Elena, hush,† said Aunt Judith. â€Å"Don't get yourself worked up. I think you must be getting sick. It was so cold out there, and you got only a few hours of sleep last night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She laid a hand on Elena's cheek. â€Å"I'm not sick,† she cried, pulling away. â€Å"And I'm not crazy, either – whatever you think. Stefan didn't run away and he didn't kill Mr. Tanner, and I don't care if none of you believes me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She stopped, choking. Aunt Judith was fussing around her, hurrying her upstairs, and she let herself be hurried. But she wouldn't go to bed when Aunt Judith suggested she must be tired. Instead, once she had warmed up, she sat on the living room couch by the fireplace, with blankets heaped around her. The phone rang all afternoon, and she heard Aunt Judith talking to friends, neighbors, the school. She assured all of them that Elena was fine. The†¦ the tragedy last night had unsettled her a bit, that was all, and she seemed a little feverish. But she'd be good as new after a rest. Meredith and Bonnie sat beside her. â€Å"Do you want to talk?† Meredith said in a low voice. Elena shook her head, staring into the fire. They were all against her. And Aunt Judith was wrong; she wasn't fine. She wouldn't be fine until Stefan was found. Matt stopped by, snow dusting his blond hair and his dark blue parka. As he entered the room, Elena looked up at him hopefully. Yesterday Matt had helped save Stefan, when the rest of the school had wanted to lynch him. But today he returned her hopeful look with one of sober regret, and the concern in his blue eyes was only for her. The disappointment was unbearable. â€Å"What are you doing here?† Elena demanded. â€Å"Keeping your promise to ‘take care of me'?† There was a flicker of hurt in his eyes. But Matt's voice was level. â€Å"That's part of it, maybe. But I'd try to take care of you anyway, no matter what I promised. I've been worried about you. Listen, Elena – â€Å" She was in no mood to listen to anyone. â€Å"Well, I'm just fine, thank you. Ask anybody here. So you can stop worrying. Besides, I don't see why you should keep a promise to amurderer. â€Å" Startled, Matt looked at Meredith and Bonnie. Then he shook his head helplessly. â€Å"You're not being fair.† Elena was in no mood to be fair either. â€Å"I told you, you can stop worrying about me, and about my business. I'm fine, thanks.† The implication was obvious. Matt turned to the door just as Aunt Judith appeared with sandwiches. â€Å"Sorry, I've got to go,† he muttered, hurrying to the door. He left without looking back. Meredith and Bonnie and Aunt Judith and Robert tried to make conversation while they ate an early supper by the fire. Elena couldn't eat and wouldn't talk. The only one who wasn't miserable was Elena's little sister, Margaret. With four-year-old optimism, she cuddled up to Elena and offered her some of her Halloween candy. Elena hugged her sister hard, her face pressed into Margaret's white-blond hair for a moment. If Stefan could have called her or gotten a message to her, he would have done it by now. Nothing in the world would have stopped him, unless he were badly hurt, or trapped somewhere, or†¦ But Stefan was in trouble, and she had to find him somehow. She worried about it all through the evening, desperately trying to come up with a plan. One thing was clear; she was on her own. She couldn't trust anyone. It grew dark. Elena shifted on the couch and forced a yawn. â€Å"I'm tired,† she said quietly. â€Å"Maybe I am sick after all. I think I'll go to bed.† Meredith was looking at her keenly. â€Å"I was just thinking, Miss Gilbert,† she said, turning to Aunt Judith, â€Å"that maybe Bonnie and I should stay the night. To keep Elena company.† â€Å"What a good idea,† said Aunt Judith, pleased. â€Å"As long as your parents don't mind, I'd be glad to have you.† â€Å"It's a long drive back to Herron. I think I'll stay, too,† Robert said. â€Å"I can just stretch out on the couch here.† Aunt Judith protested that there were plenty of guest bedrooms upstairs, but Robert was adamant. The couch would do just fine for him, he said. After looking once from the couch to the hall where the front door stood plainly in view, Elena sat stonily. They'd planned this between them, or at least they were all in on it now. They were making sure she didn't leave the house. When she emerged from the bathroom a little while later, wrapped in her red silk kimono, she found Meredith and Bonnie sitting on her bed. â€Å"Well, hello, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern,† she said bitterly. Bonnie, who had been looking depressed, now looked alarmed. She glanced at Meredith doubtfully. â€Å"She knows who we are. She means she thinks we're spies for her aunt,† Meredith interpreted. â€Å"Elena, you should realize that isn't so. Can't you trust us at all?† â€Å"I don't know. Can I?† â€Å"Yes, because we're yourfriends. † Before Elena could move, Meredith jumped off the bed and shut the door. Then she turned to face Elena. â€Å"Now, for once in your life, listen to me, you little idiot. It's true we don't know what to think about Stefan. But, don't you see, that's your own fault. Ever since you and he got together, you've been shutting us out. Things have been happening that you haven't told us about. At least you haven't told us the whole story. But in spite of that, in spite of everything, we still trust you. We still care about you. We're still behind you, Elena, and we want to help. And if you can't see that, then youare an idiot.† Slowly, Elena looked from Meredith's dark, intense face to Bonnie's pale one. Bonnie nodded. â€Å"It's true,† she said, blinking hard as if to keep back tears. â€Å"Even if you don't like us, we still like you. â€Å" Elena felt her own eyes fill and her stern expression crumple. Then Bonnie was off the bed, and they were all hugging, and Elena found she couldn't help the tears that slid down her face. â€Å"Yangtze?† Bonnie's eyes widened. â€Å"But why would he want to kill a dog?† â€Å"I don't know, but he was there that night, in your house. And he was†¦ angry. I'm sorry, Bonnie.† Bonnie shook her head dazedly. Meredith said, â€Å"Why don't you tell the police?† Elena's laugh was slightly hysterical. â€Å"I can't. It's not something they can deal with. And that's another thing I can't explain. You said you still trusted me; well, you'll just have to trust me about that.† Bonnie and Meredith looked at each other, then at the bedspread, where Elena's nervous fingers were picking a thread out of the embroidery. Finally Meredith said, â€Å"All right. What can we do to help?† â€Å"I don't know. Nothing, unless†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena stopped and looked at Bonnie. â€Å"Unless,† she said, in a changed voice, â€Å"you can help me find Stefan.† Bonnie's brown eyes were genuinely bewildered. â€Å"Me? But what can I do?† Then, at Meredith's indrawn breath, she said, â€Å"Oh.Oh.† â€Å"You knew where I was that day I went to the cemetery,† said Elena. â€Å"And you even predicted Stefan's coming to school.† â€Å"I thought you didn't believe in all that psychic stuff,† said Bonnie weakly. â€Å"I've learned a thing or two since then. Anyway, I'm willing to believeanything if it'll help find Stefan. If there's any chance at all it will help.† Bonnie was hunching up, as if trying to make her already tiny form as small as possible. â€Å"Elena, you don't understand,† she said wretchedly. â€Å"I'm not trained; it's not something I can control. And – and it's not a game, not any more. The more you use those powers, the more they useyou. Eventually they can end up using you all the time, whether you want it or not. It'sdangerous. â€Å" Elena got up and walked to the cherry wood dresser, looking down at it without seeing it. At last she turned. â€Å"You're right; it's not a game. And I believe you about how dangerous it can be. But it's not a game for Stefan, either. Bonnie, I think he's out there, somewhere, terribly hurt. And there's nobody to help him; nobody's even looking for him, except his enemies. He may be dying right now. He – he may even be†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her throat closed. She bowed her head over the dresser and made herself take a deep breath, trying to steady herself. When she looked up, she saw Meredith was looking at Bonnie. Bonnie straightened her shoulders, sitting up as tall as she could. Her chin lifted and her mouth set. And in her normally soft brown eyes, a grim light shone as they met Elena's. The match rasped and threw sparks in the darkness, and then the candle flame burned strong and bright. It lent a golden glow to Bonnie's pale face as she bent over it. â€Å"I'm going to need both of you to help me focus,† she said. â€Å"Look into the flame, and think about Stefan. Picture him in your mind. No matter what happens, keep on looking at the flame. And whatever you do, don't say anything.† Elena nodded, and then the only sound in the room was soft breathing. The flame flickered and danced, throwing patterns of light over the three girls sitting cross-legged around it. Bonnie, eyes closed, was breathing deeply and slowly, like someone drifting into sleep. Stefan, thought Elena, gazing into the flame, trying to pour all her will into the thought. She created him in her mind, using all her senses, conjuring him to her. The roughness of his woolen sweater under her cheek, the smell of his leather jacket, the strength of his arms around her. Oh, Stefan†¦ Bonnie's lashes fluttered and her breathing quickened, like a sleeper having a bad dream. Elena resolutely kept her eyes on the flame, but when Bonnie broke the silence a chill went up her spine. At first it was just a moan, the sound of someone in pain. Then, as Bonnie tossed her head, breath coming in short bursts, it became words. â€Å"Alone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she said, and stopped. Elena's nails bit into her hand. â€Å"Alone†¦ in the dark,† said Bonnie. Her voice was distant and tortured. There was another silence, and then Bonnie began to speak quickly. â€Å"It's dark and cold. And I'm alone. There's something behind me†¦ jagged and hard. Rocks. They used to hurt – but not now. I'm numb now, from the cold. So cold†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bonnie twisted, as if trying to get away from something, and then she laughed, a dreadful laugh almost like a sob. â€Å"That's†¦ funny. I never thought I'd want to see the sun so much. But it's always dark here. And cold. Water up to my neck, like ice. That's funny, too. Water everywhere – and me dying of thirst. So thirsty†¦ hurts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena felt something tighten around her heart. Bonnie was inside Stefan's thoughts, and who knew what she might discover there? Stefan, tell us where you are, she thought desperately. Look around; tell me what you see. â€Å"†Thirsty. I need†¦ life?† Bonnie's voice was doubtful, as if not sure how to translate some concept. â€Å"I'm weak. He said I'll always be the weak one. He's strong†¦ a killer. But that's what I am, too. I killed Katherine; maybe I deserve to die. Why not just let go?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No!† said Elena before she could stop herself. In that instant, she forgot everything but Stefan's pain. â€Å"Stefan – â€Å" â€Å"Elena!† Meredith cried sharply at the same time. But Bonnie's head fell forward, the flow of words cut off. Horrified, Elena realized what she had done. â€Å"Bonnie, are you all right? Can you find him again? I didn't mean to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bonnie's head lifted. Her eyes were open now, but they looked at neither the candle nor Elena. They â€Å"Elena,† the voice said, â€Å"don't go to the bridge. It's Death, Elena. Your death is waiting there.† Then Bonnie slumped forward. Elena grabbed her shoulders and shook. â€Å"Bonnie!† she almost screamed. â€Å"Bonnie!† â€Å"What†¦ oh, don't. Let go.† Bonnie's voice was weak and shaken, but it was her own. Still bent over, she put a hand to her forehead. â€Å"Bonnie, are you all right?† â€Å"I think so†¦ yes. But it was so strange.† Her tone sharpened and she looked up, blinking. â€Å"What was that, Elena, about being a killer?† â€Å"You remember that?† â€Å"I remember everything. I can't describe it; it was awful. But what did that mean?† â€Å"Nothing,† said Elena. â€Å"He's hallucinating, that's all.† Meredith broke in. â€Å"He? Then you really think she tuned in to Stefan?† Elena nodded, her eyes sore and burning as she looked away. â€Å"Yes. I think that was Stefan. It had to be. And I think she even told us where he is. Under Wickery Bridge, in the water.†

Public Budgeting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 511 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Public Budgeting 1 Public Budgeting Introduction Public finance comprises any revenues or expenditures passing through state budgets, derived from whatever source and however spent. Public finance has to be accounted for within governmental budgets for it to qualify as public finance (Bailey, 2003). This paper will discuss the concept of public finance and its philosophy. There is a comparison of governmental accounting and nongovernmental accounting, and an explanation of the relationship between budgeting and financial reporting in government. Philosophy of Public Finance Public finance allows for communities to function effectively and for the needs of the people within each community to be met. This requires an extensive application of financial planning, scrutiny by multiple entities and reporting that displays the realistic methods that were used in meeting public needs. The philosophy of public finance is based on raising funds for public purposes (Gaffney, 2008). Gaffney (2008) said there are three aspects on the basis of which public finance functions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Public Budgeting" essay for you Create order These are as follows: * On the basis of different activities in which public sectors are involved and the way of their organization such as revenues and expenditures. * Anticipation and realization of the results of different governmental activities, * On the basis of assessment of alternative policies. Public Budgeting 2 Contrast Governmental Accounting with Nongovernmental Accounting Governmental and nongovernmental accounting is different for very good reasons. The driving force for governmental financial reporting is accountability. Accountability to citizens and taxpayers, legislative and oversight bodies, and holders of government debt. Governmental accounting is based on the accounting methods of public sector, and nongovernmental accounting is based on the accounting methods of private sector. Governmental accounting system focuses on the course of financial resources, while nongovernmental accounting system focuses on the course of economic resources. Governmental accounting system has a goal of balancing the resources in context of the social welfare. Nongovernmental accounting system has a goal of generating profit. Organizations, which perform their operation under governmental accounting, have the goal to achieve financial accountability. On the other hand, organizations, which perform their operation under nongovernmental accounting, conduct their operation to achieve effective fiscal plans (Government Budgeting and Accounting, 2008). Relationship between Budgeting and Financial Reporting Both budgeting and financial reporting are important constituents of the accounting system in the public sector. Financial reporting refers to an effort related to assessment of financial performance of the government. Budgeting and financial reporting assists in decision making regarding the financial aspects of an organization, such as raising and expenditure of funds. Both of them assist government in financial management for fulfilling the rules and regulations of public finance as well as the increasing requirements for services with limited resources of revenues. Public Budgeting 3 References Bailey, S. J. (2003). Strategic Public Finance. Gordonsville, VA, USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. p. 3. Retrieved on August 10, 2010, from https://site. ebrary. com/lib/ ashford/Doc? id=10076851ppg=18 Gaffney, M. (2008). The philosophy of public finance. Retrieved on August 10, 2010, from https://www. masongaffney. org/publications/G44philosophy_of_public_finance. cv. pdf Government Budgeting and Accounting. (2008). Retrieved on August 10, 2010, from https://www. adb. org/documents/books/diagnostic_study_accounting_auditing/phi/chap06. pdf

Significance Of Sexism Today - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1461 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Sexism Essay Did you like this example? Sexism is the discrimination or devaluation based on a persons sex or gender, as in restricted job opportunities,especially such discrimination directed against women. Just as race and class have created schisms within our culture, sex, and gender have also been a source of great conflict within the United States. The working environment is the region in which sexism is most usually found. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Significance Of Sexism Today" essay for you Create order About four-in-ten working women in the United States have faced discrimination based on their gender on the job. Enactment is currently set up in numerous nations that precludes unreasonable treatment of staff on the grounds of their sex. The issue with this enactment is that they are regularly hard to apply. There is a long history of sexism throughout the ancient civilizations of how women are treated as property at home and lacked the equal rights as those of men, in areas including everything from voting to education. The term sexism emerged during second-wave feminism paralleling the term racism, but this was by no means the first time sexism occurred (Berlinsky-Schine). The Declaration of Independence has sexism embedded in it by saying, all men are created equal, with no mention of women. The womens rights movement allowed women to make significant strides in terms of their political, social, and socioeconomic status (Berlinsky-Schine). The idea that the women is subject to the man, was even evident in many of the tv shows from the 1950s. Women had a job in the B.C. times, it was a time to have kids, preferably boys back then to educate and raise them, cook, clean, control the servants, ect. Husbands could beat and rape their wives with little worry of recourse; in 1910, the United States Supreme Court denied wives the right to prosecute their husbands for assault (Campbell). Women believed its legitimate to have a lower status. Numerous individuals think that males have advantages over females when it comes to occupations. Even though this may be accurate, in some cases it is in fact exactly the opposite. On average, women earn less than men having the same occupation. In 2017, female full-time, year- round workers made only 80.5 cents for every dollar earned by men, a gender wage gap of twenty percent (Pay Equity and Discrimination). There have been laws put into place to eliminate unequal pay. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) ECOA guarantees an equal opportunity to obtain credit and prohibits creditors from discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of sex, religion, race, ect. (Find Law). Sex discrimination, harassment in tech, and in science is a major reason why women leave the field. Those women who do make it to the upper positions are frequently informed that they were just given that job because they are female, suggesting that the field is conceding less-meriting ladies essentially to expand their numbers. On average women are more likely to work part-time, be employed in low-paid jobs and not take on management positions. Women are not only discriminated against for being pretty or provocative they are also discriminated against for being not pretty enough, too old, or, in some positions (especially sales and public relations) for not being sexy enough (Wolfe). Men usually get more benefits, more time off, and better compensation packages than women. This is based on gender bias and is also illegal and discriminating. There are still many people around the world that think sexism towards women is not an issue. Many believe that that gender equity has been achieved and no longer needs to be addressed. Some women were found to believe in a hierarchical system and believed it was fair to occupy a lower status than male. According to social constructionist theory, men behave in a sexist manner towards women in order to remove them from male-dominated spaces, regardless of social status (Kasumovic, Kuznekoff). Most of these women also feel a greater need for men as their protector and provider. The issue with sexism is that at a youthful age, young men are shaped into acting like men; the moment theyre conceived they cannot demonstrate any feelings or convey what needs be in any sort of way. Its constantly intense love. Doorman gives a prime precedent utilizing his children, he has a child and girl in which he shows that when theres a contention with his child, they talk man-to-man, yet with his little girl its in every case alright for her to let out her feelings. Indeed, even around friends, young men are constrained into doing things that would make them naturally a man. Notwithstanding with regards to sex, men could have numerous sex accomplices, and he would be recognized as a man, however in the event that it was a lady who had different sex accomplices, she would be named as a prostitute, or skank. People do not like when women are angry. This is partially because angry women violate prevalent gender schemas which require women to be kind and nurturing (Salles). Society justifies mens anger as a result of external forces as they are trying to make an attribution to the womens frustration. Sexist behavior is in response to a threat to a males position in a social hierarchy. Women who are peeved and assertive are thought to be less hirable and competent. Rules for men and women are not enforced universally because of shifting standards. There have been many women to question mens superiority in modern times. One of these women was Susan B. Anthony. She was arrested for illegally voting in a presidential election in 1872. Fourteen other women were additionally arrested, yet only Anthonys activity was introduced as evidence. She was charged a $100 fine that she refused to pay, and never did. She also persuaded the University of Rochester to admit women to their college and raised $50,000 in pledges, which was reimbursed back to her. Susan was the first women to appear on a U.S. coin for her outstanding bravery. Anthony was asked if women would be given the right to vote in her lifetime and she replied with, It will come, but I shall not see it It is inevitable. We can no more deny forever the right of self-government to one-half our people but come it will, and I believe within a generation (Anthony). Women were granted the right to vote because of the courage of one women. There is as yet far to go, in any case. In many societies around the globe, men are still bound to hold places of monetary, social, and political power and gain the greatest compensations. One obvious model can be seen at the simple best: of 193 part conditions of the Assembled Countries, only 12 have a female head of government. Any individual who questions the presence of the man centric society has a pile of comparative observational information to contend their way finished. This is not really an ongoing situationand sexual orientation imbalance has been much more awful previously. Be that as it may, with developments like #MeToo and individuals from varying backgrounds communicating disappointment with the present state of affairs, the development for sex correspondence at long last is by all accounts winning the contention. This makes now a decent time to inquire as to why the male centric society exists and for what reason does it continue? There is no lack of clarifications. Most are political, social or financial. Yet, there is additionally a decent arrangement to be picked up from looking at these inquiries from a logical viewpointparticularly the transformative sources of disparity and the brain science of sexual orientation, sex and power. Sexual orientation jobs in Western social orders have been changing quickly as of late, with the progressions made both by developmental changes in the public arena, including monetary movements which have adjusted the manner in which individuals work and without a doubt which individuals function as an ever increasing number of ladies enter the workforce, and by maybe weight conveyed to make changes as a result of the recognition that the conventional social structure was discriminatory. Sex relations are a piece of the socialization procedure, the commencement given the youthful by society, showing them certain qualities and making in them certain standards of conduct worthy to their social jobs. These jobs have been in a condition of transition in American Sexism is by no means close to an end in todays world, but men and women are contributing to make strides against it. Although there is no real cure to sexism, we can still make an effort to help mild it. By just being kind to one another and addressing the situation can really decrease sexism in the United States. It would be helpful if employers were to educate their employees on how to handle sexism in the workplace.

Crime, Violence and Masculinity Essay - 1519 Words

Can the nation-state and culture combine forces to reduce interpersonal violence in the West? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Violence is a difficult term to define, but for the purposes of this assignment violence can be defined as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative physical or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crimes by young people are no longer just misdemeanors, but they now include the major felonies of rape, robbery and homicide. The rise in violent crime in the last few†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many researchers point to the fact that men are â€Å"dispensable† creatures as the reason for their affinity to violence. The fact that one man has enough sperm to produce an entire population means that they have to compete for females. This competition drives them to commit violent acts a gainst each other to better their chances of finding a mate. Of course, such behavior is not common today, but sociologists argue that this is how men developed their violent nature towards each other. Another related theory of why men are more violent than women is that historically separate populations have always been in competition. Competition for land, resources and women. To protect their genetic makeup and ensure that their genes will be passed on to future generations, the males of the population acted violently towards the males of any population threatening their own. One example of this is the holocaust, in which the Nazis attempted to exterminate the Jewish population in order for the Aryan race to prosper. The fact that men are more inclined to commit violent acts against one another more than towards women and children reinforces the argument that they act violently in order to ensure their genes will be passed on to future generations. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the past few hundred years it seems that men have become less violent,Show MoreRelatedCrime, Violence and Masculinity1541 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpersonal violence in the West? Violence is a difficult term to define, but for the purposes of this assignment violence can be defined as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative physical or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. 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Empirical Study Starbucks Coffee In Taiwan -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Empirical Study Starbucks Coffee In Taiwan? Answer: Introduction Marketing mix is an essential tool for analysis of any organization. It throws light on the 8 important Ps of the business. These 8 Ps form the backbone of any organization and it is imperative that these are clear in the minds of the marketers as well as their customers. This report throws light on the 8 Ps of Starbucks which is a leading caf chain spread across the globe. The report also consists of various recommendations suggested upon the 8 Ps of Starbucks along with a brief upon the contemporary issues that affect the organization. About the Company Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in the year 1971 and has been a leading name in the coffee industry since then (Schultz, 2012). Currently, the brand operates in over 23k locations across the globe. The company was founded by three friends, Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegl. The brand is largely well known for its coffee, effective service, ambience and quality of products. Starbucks, as the organization often says, has aimed to create a third place for people between their workplaces and homes. The Starbucks ambience is positive, friendly, comfortable and highly efficient. The couches are comfortable and all the outlets are equipped with a sufficient number of charging points and free Wi-Fi (Tu, Wang Chang, 2012). Selected Product Starbucks offers a range of products in the line of hot and cold beverages and snacks. One of the most easily available and widely demanded product of Starbucks is their Cappuccino. The product can be modified by asking to add additional flavors like caramel, hazelnut or vanilla. It is a hot beverage and owing to high amount of caffeine, it is desired by most people as a refreshing beverage. Cappuccino was also one of the most basic products of Starbucks which is being offered since the inception of the brand. Target market Target market includes those set of customers whose needs and demands the business expects to fulfill. It is important to know your target customer in order to be able to effectively cater to their needs (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker Brennan, 2015). Owing to the wide variety of its products, Starbucks caters to a huge target market. Primarily this target market involves young men and women who spend their leisure time at Starbucks. They consider the caf as a place where they can spend time with their friends and family. Secondly, the office going professionals are also targeted by the brand. The free Wi-Fi and numerous laptop and phone charging points are a clear advantage and has led to people conducting various official meetings in the caf. Lastly, small children have been catered to by the brand with their customized offerings like warm milk, hot chocolate and shakes. Marketing mix analysis This is the primary aspect of any business. Starbucks has a huge product line which is inclusive of hot and cold beverages and snacks. The product referred in the report is the classic cappuccino offered by Starbucks. It is a strong coffee and can be customized by adding additional flavors or coffee shots. It is largely available and demanded as it is the most primitive form of coffee which is loved by all. Over a period of time, Cappuccino is becoming a necessary good in the lives of people owing to rise in coffee addiction. Place Starbucks was founded in Seattle but is currently present in over 23k locations across the globe. The caf has entered various countries by either opening up franchisees or by entering into joint ventures with already existing brands. This has been largely fruitful for Starbucks and has led to their growth and development as a brand. Starbucks aims at opening up its outlets in largely commercial locations like malls and airports. This also enhances the brands presence and awareness and leads to a larger footfall (Kotler, 2015). The strategic finalization and placement of Starbucks outlet is intentionally done to attract a large number of customers at the heart of various cities. Price Starbucks products are priced differently in different countries. However, overall the brand has adopted premium pricing strategies to attract the niche customer segments targeted by the brand (Haskova, 2015). The leading competitors of Starbucks are Caf coffee day, Barista coffee, Costa coffee and Dunkin Donuts. On an average Starbucks products are priced higher than all these competitors. Being a global brand, currency fluctuations of different countries also impact the pricing of products in that country. Promotions Promotional activities are conducted by businesses in order to reach out to their consumers and enhance their brands awareness to a large set of customers. Promotional activities also enable companies to set the right positioning in the minds of the consumers and leads to an improved brand image of the company (Kotabe Helsen, 2014). Starbucks has adopted various promotional strategies to promote its goods to consumers of the target market. Few such strategies are as below: Social media marketing This is one of the leading promotional tools adopted by companies. Social media marketing refers to organizations promoting their products and services to their customers through various social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat and Twitter (Boone Kurtz, 2013). These social media platforms are becoming a bridge to enable a two way communication between the organization and its customers. It also enables businesses to reach out to a large number of customers through a single channel. Starbucks is extremely active on all these social channels and has garnered immense traction among customer spread across different parts of the globe. This is one of the biggest advantages of social media marketing (Tuten Solomon, 2017) Television and newspaper ads. Television advertisements and ads published on newspapers are a source of one way communication for organizations. These channels are highly effective in reaching out a large audience in the matter of a few seconds (Boyland Halford, 2013). Starbucks television ads are creative, effectively timed and have a high TOMA score (Top of mind awareness). They are published in leading newspapers and channels of different countries and are widely accepted by people. Billboards and hoardings Starbucks has also placed various billboards and hoardings across different geographies to grab attention of passerbys and enhance its brand awareness. Billboards are large and easy to eye and hence an interesting content placed on the board will be easy to register (Boyland Halford, 2013). Starbucks strategically places these billboards to ensure attention from customers for the maximum possible time. Process Processes form the core of any business and help organizations in improving their service delivery, production speed and inventory management (Khan, 2014). Starbuckss service delivery is efficient owing to competent staff. Once the order has been placed, the wait time ranges from 5 minutes to 15 minutes for the order to be presented on the table. If there is a complaint with the food, the staff immediately fixes the issue and replaces the order at no additional charge. Starbucks has also tied up with various food delivery organizations and consistently follows up with them regarding the speed of delivery. Starbucks also ensures appropriate behavior of all their staff members. They have dedicated vendors to supply them the raw materials for their products and have maintained long term positive relationships with them. People People associated with the organization effectively include all their direct stakeholders including their employees, customers, founders, investors and board of directors. The organizational culture of any business is the result of the people associated with the business. The culture adopted by Starbucks is one of its biggest strengths. Their organization working experience is fun, creative, responsible and largely flexible. The organization believes in open channels of communication that build trust. Employees are trained to treat all their customers well and the similar culture is seen across all their outlets. Physical evidence The physical evidence demonstrated by Starbucks includes its office space as well as various outlets spread across the globe. The outlets are marked by a grand Starbucks logo on its entrance and various interesting quotes placed on their walls. The couches are specially designed for the brand to ensure comfort of their customers. Wi-Fi is installed across all outlets and provided to customers free of cost. Starbucks offices are placed in every country of its operations and employs a large number of people from across the world (Wirtz, 2012). Customer reviews of Starbucks on their website, social media as well as delivery giants like Zomato are also a physical evidence of the companys growth and success. Their personalized coffee mugs with the customers name on it have garnered immense buzz across various social media platforms also form a part of the physical evidence demonstrated by Starbucks (Gordon, 2012). Partnerships Since its inception, Starbucks has partnered with various leading brands across the globe to enhance their presence and competence in the market. While expanding onto international boundaries, Starbucks also gets into various join ventures with established local businesses. Starbucks also has various community centers like Seattle sounders FC and The Seattle foundation for their humanitarian works. They are also the official partners of the upcoming Special Olympics to be held in 2018. In order to enhance its digital presence, Starbucks has also partnered with Spotify, a leading music application. In India, Starbucks has entered into a joint venture with industry leader Tata Corporation. Similarly, in Japan, the brand has tied up with Sazaby Inc. These partnerships have helped the companys growth and brand awareness leading to an improved brand image. Recommendations Starbucks is a highly successful coffee chain which is well known for the high quality of its products and excellence in customer service. Many strategies adopted by the company have hit the nail on top in an effective manner. However, there is still room for improvement. Few recommendations for Starbucks are as below: Product Introduction of more products as per the changing needs of the people is recommended to Starbucks to make sure that the company is able to fulfil the needs of their consumers. Example making products that are gluten free or vegan can largely impact their customer base. Serving food specifically prepared for lactose intolerant customers can also lead to improved sales and help the brand target this niche market as well. Starbucks already has over 23k outlets across the globe. However, drive through or take away facility can be installed to target those consumers who do not wish to park their cars and enter a facility for a cup of coffee. This improvement will help in increasing sales for Starbucks and will lead to an added convenience for the consumers. At present Starbucks products are premium priced. Therefore, introducing competitive pricing for certain products can help in increased sales and an improved target market (Mooradian, Matzler Ring, 2013). Loyal customers could also be provided with Starbucks cards where they could earn points on every purchase and redeem those points in their next purchase. Promotions Starbucks has effectively pushed the social media envelope effectively and has a prestigious following of a large number of members across every platform. Snapchat and live features of Instagram and Facebook can be further utilized to be able to cater to an improved target market (Vaterlaus, Barnett, Roche Young, 2016). Starbucks already adopts to various customer engaging strategies on Twitter and Facebook. The brand could now focus on bringing in more use generated content leading to enhanced trust. Process Starbucks process must be maintained the same through consistent training of employees and deeper relationships with their vendors. Installation of an even more effective inventory management tools might lead to reduced wait time for consumers. However, such a strategy can be recommended post a cost benefit analysis. People Increased number of trainings for employees and efforts put in to ensure a higher employee retention are recommended. The organization must at all times ensure that the increased internationalization does not impact the organizational culture of the firm across all their offices and outlets. Physical evidence The physical outlets and offices of Starbucks are highly competent. A drive through and pick up zone can be installed in the outlets for added convenience of customers. The products offered could also be modified to suit the changing social needs of people. The billboard ads must be creatively designed and changed every two months for increased retention in the minds of consumers. The logo of the brand, coffee cups and outlet infrastructure must be maintained as it currently is. Partnerships The current partnerships of the firm must be maintained. Starbucks could aim at attaining a higher share in their joint ventures. More partnerships would be formed with increased expansion and Starbucks must aim to build profitable and long term relationships with these partners. Contemporary issues affecting Starbucks Social media interactions of Starbucks are prevalent across all social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Pinterest. The brand has effective pushed the social media platform and targeted the desired set of consumers in their spaces. Social media has also helped Starbucks build a two way communication directly with their customers. The brand has demonstrated effective social listening skills and continues to respond to customers on these platforms. These social media interactions are highly beneficial for organizations in gaining transparent feedback. At the same time, user reviews on these platforms can lead to an improved brand image in the minds of its consumers. The increase in social media interactions is evident in the current scenario and it is imperative that organizations take advantage of these interactions to mark a significant presence for the consumers. Social media interactions have made the industry rather transparent and it has become easier to analyze the strategies of competitors as well. Starbucks has extremely competently managed its social media image and this has led to a positive image and goodwill for the brand across boundaries. Globalization Globalization is a concurrent phenomenon and has made the world a flat place. Globalization has also made the flow of information, people, goods services, technology and brands (Beck, 2015). Globalization has enabled brands like Starbucks to begin and succeed in their international journey. Today, Starbucks is present across 5 continents and this is a benefit of Globalization. Through this, Starbucks has sold various franchises and entered into successful joint ventures. The look, feel and even the culture of Starbucks outlets has remained the same throughout the world. Globalization has also increased the disposable income of people across the globe and has made Starbucks affordable leading to increased business for the brand (Pieterse, 2015). Today, the brand is renowned among a lot of people and leading businesses are willing to collaborate with Starbucks. The enhanced awareness of the brand and its widespread reach is the gift of globalization in the world. Conclusion Starbucks is a leading coffee chain that was founded in Seattle. The product in discussion is its cappuccino. The brand has its presence wide across various countries. This report discusses the 8 Ps of marketing for Starbucks. The products of the brand range between hot and cold beverages and snacks. These products are premium priced to attract the niche customer segment. Starbucks specifically designs its outlets to make it comfortable for its customers with prompt availability of services. Starbucks aims are creating a third space for its customer between their homes and jobs. As the firm often says, that they dont sell coffee, they sell an experience. This experience is largely cherished by their customers. The organizational culture of Starbucks is also fun, lively and highly flexible. The efficiency of their processes ensure prompt service and satisfied customers. Interaction through social media and increasing globalization are leading contemporary issues that have helped the brand reach out to a much wider audience (Shankar, Carpenter Farley, 2012). Globalization has made it easier for Starbucks to mark its presence in international boundaries. While social media interaction has enabled the brand to build a deeper and stronger connect with their customers. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Beck, U. (2015).What is globalization? John Wiley Sons. Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013).Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Boyland, E. J., Halford, J. C. (2013). Television advertising and branding. Effects on eating behaviour and food preferences in children.Appetite,62, 236-241. Kumar, A. (2012). Dimensionality of Consumer Beliefs toward Billboard Advertising.Journal of Marketing Communication,8(1). Gordon, R. (2012). Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), 122-126. Haskova, K. (2015). Starbucks Marketing Analysis.CRIS-Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study,2015(1), 11-29. Khan, M. T. (2014). The concept of'marketing mix and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), 95. Kotabe, M., Helsen, K. (2014).Global marketing management. Kotler, P. (2015).Framework for marketing management. Pearson Education India... Mooradian, T., Matzler, K., Ring, L. (2013).Strategic marketing: Pearson new international edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Pieterse, J. N. (2015).Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Schultz, H. (2012).Pour your heart into it: How Starbucks built a company one cup at a time. Hachette UK. Shankar, V., Carpenter, G. S., Farley, J. (Eds.). (2012).Handbook of marketing strategy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Tu, Y. T., Wang, C. M., Chang, H. C. (2012). Corporate brand image and customer satisfaction on loyalty: An empirical study of Starbucks coffee in Taiwan.Journal of Social and Development Sciences,3(1), 24-32. Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2017).Social media marketing. Sage. Vaterlaus, J. M., Barnett, K., Roche, C., Young, J. A. (2016). Snapchat is more personal: An exploratory study on Snapchat behaviors and young adult interpersonal relationships.Computers in Human Behavior,62, 594-601. Wirtz, J. (2012).Essentials of services marketing. FT Press

Language and Identity in Kim Thuys Ru Essay Example

Language and Identity in Kim Thuys Ru   Paper Written as a semi-autobiographical series of accounts, Kim Thuy’s Ru offers a poetically realistic portrayal of the Vietnamese refugee experience. It is a work of metamorphosis that takes the novel’s heroin on a rollercoaster ride from riches to rags to riches (from riches to rags to riches), in a tragic display of war-induced deterioration and consequential success. Similar to the typical immigrant narrative, the narrator, Nguyen An Tinh, highlights language as a barrier that hinders her from situating herself in a foreign space as a ten-year-old refugee in Quebec. My paper will examine the linguistic barriers that catalyze immigrant success, as well as the means by which these barriers are demolished within a setting distorted by war, diaspora, and refuge. It will also examine the significance of family ties and motherhood in the life of the novels protagonist. Kim Thuy’s choice for a title to her novel foreshadows the main theme of motherhood prevalent throughout the course of An Tinh’s life. Mother figures have undoubtedly played a major role in shaping her personality, both as a child and as an adult. In an interview, Thuy reveals that in her native tongue, Vietnamese, run means â€Å"a lullaby, or to lull† and is commonly used by mothers to soothe their child to sleep (â€Å"A Refugees Multilayered Experience†). From the very beginning, it is evident that Thuy places great emphasis on motherhood and its influence on An Tinh. Furthermore, In her adoptive language, run gives a more inclusive meaning; one that relates to family ties. In French, run means a small stream, a flow potentially of blood. The double entendre in the work’s title conveys the divide in language that permeates the protagonist’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Language and Identity in Kim Thuys Ru   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Language and Identity in Kim Thuys Ru   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Language and Identity in Kim Thuys Ru   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The narrator first introduces herself as Nguyen An Tinh and immediately points to the similarity between her and her mother. The purpose of her existence is to prolong the life of her mother, with whom she s